![]() ![]() Tire impressions can attempt to match through searchable databases which help an investigator to determine crime-related facts and evidence. Tire track impressions can help narrow down, the brand, style, and size since different manufacturers produce different kinds of tires patterns. So, the tire marks are highly informative regarding the crime and the criminal (8). They acquire many characteristics like cuts, holes, etc. A tire manufactured using natural and synthetic rubber with different tread patterns. So, in crime scenes tires are likely to leave pattern or impression evidence. It leads to some involvement of vehicles with the crime or the criminals themselves and creates a bridge between the crime and criminal. People rely heavily on vehicles for transportation. Tire track marks or impressions leave behind a unique pattern. Tire mark or impression is vital evidence like other pieces of evidence. After the collection, these impressions must preserve adequately to avoid contamination as it’s an essential piece of evidence of the crime (7). To collect this type of impression, an electrostatic and a gelatin lifter dust print lifting device used. The last category of the tire impression or mark is latent prints that are not visible to the naked eye and found on flat surfaces like sidewalks, roads, or driveways. It can use as when the mixture dries a 3D impression of the tire formed. The second category referred to as a plastic print which is 3-Dimensional and can collect by making a cast of the print by using powdered stone such as dental stone and water. The first category of tire mark is a visible print which is can be seen by a naked eye and can collect through photography. ![]() At the time of collection of tire marks or impressions from the crime scene, it classified into three categories. The tire marks present at the scene of a crime, can reveal a lot about the vehicle and also helps to recreate the modus operandi at times. These are,Ī) Scuff Marks: Refers to the tire marks made by a rotating or yawning vehicle, a vehicle acceleration, or a flat tire.ī) Yaw Marks: These tire marks are made by a tire that is turning and sliding sideways parallel to tank wheel’s axle, and also referred to as sideslip or a critical speed scuff marks.Ĭ) Skid Marks: These impressions of tire made by a locked wheel caused by the application of the brakes.ĭ) Print Marks: Tire marks that are made by the rolling tire are called print marks.Į) Scrub Marks: When a wheel locked due to damage, then this kind of tire marks are left by the vehicle (6). Following the Locard’s exchange the principle, even the vehicle leaves their tire impressions which are the general marks or impressions left by the tires of a car, exclusive of the tread design and include track width, wheelbase, turning radius, and the relative positions of the tracks of all tires (5). The cars also provide security and secrecy to the criminal (4). There are many crimes in which vehicles used because its an easy way to reach the crime scene and escape. Tire marks are significant in the forensic investigation as with other pattern and impression evidence found in a crime scene such as fingerprints or shoeprints, etc. and 3D evidence includes extractor marks, shoeprints, bullet holes, etc. 2D evidence includes fingerprints, footprints, tire marks, blood spatter, etc. Impression and pattern are such pieces of evidence that are divided into two subtypes 2D and 3D. These are biological (tissue, bodily fluids, etc.), chemical (drugs, poison, etc.), tools and weapons (arms, knife, etc.), impression and pattern (fingerprint, bullet holes, etc.) and trace evidence (fibre, paint, etc.). There are many types of shreds of evidence found in a crime scene. A forensic investigation is a practice of lawfully establishing evidence and the facts of the crime and the crime scene that are to present in a court of law (1). ![]()
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